Wisatawan itu belum memperpanjang visanya (The tourist has not extended the/his visa yet).Where is the teacher? (Dimana gurunya?)ĭ) memper_ memperpanjang (to extend) diper_ (was extended).His/her car=mobilnya, rumahnya=his/her house. It attaches to the object the person owns. nya also indicates a possessive marker in Indonesian. Buku ini untuknya (The book is for him/her).Mobilnya dipinjamkan pada kami olehnya/oleh dia.(The dog was hit by Abduh.)Ĭ) me-kan meminjamkan (to lend) di_kan (was lent) (Some money will be borrowed from the bank by them.)ī) me_i memukuli (to beat/hit repeatedly) di_i (was repeatedly beaten/hit)
Uang akan dipinjam dari bank oleh mereka.(They will borrow some money from the bank.) If the active sentence uses me_ the passive will use di_Ī) me- meminjam (to borrow) di_ (was borrowed) (A kitten was found on the street by Sarah.) Seekor anak kucing ditemukan oleh Sarah di jalan.Sarah menemukan seekor anak kucing di jalan.Alex ditemui oleh sarah di Café Alberto.Attaching me-kan/i sometimes changes the meaning of the root word. However, not all verbs can go with me-kan/i. Thus, we often put me-kan/i to change the intransitive verbs into transitive verbs. Indonesian has a number of intransitive verbs. In Indonesian, passive sentences are formed from transitive verbs. Lisa was washed her new sweater in a washing machine by her father.(x).Can you now understand that none of these example sentences are grammatical in English, although the equivalent sentence structure is grammatical in Japanese? This English sentence is not grammatical. However, the equivalent English sentence structure for this Japanese sentence is: The old lady was stolen her purse by the robber. This Japanese indirect passive sentence with the transitive verb (steal) means that the old lady was adversely affected because the robber stole her purse. In contrast, in Japanese, we can also describe this picture by making the person who experiences adversity (in this case, the old lady) the subject of the ‘indirect’ passive sentence, to express adversity: おばあさんが どろぼうに 財布を ぬすまれた。Obaasan ga doroboo ni saihu o nusumareta. That is, both simply describe the fact that her purse was stolen. However, neither expresses any adversity experienced by the old lady. Both sentences are ‘direct’ passive sentences and they are both grammatical. To describe this picture, we can say in both English and Japanese: The old lady’s purse was stolen by the robber and おばあさんの財布がどろぼうにぬすまれた。Obaasann no saihu ga doroboo ni nusumareta. Exercise 4: Present Simple or Present Perfect.Exercise 2: Present Simple, Past Simple or Present Perfect.Exercise 1: Present Simple, Past Simple or Present Perfect.
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